Space frames are typically designed using a rigidity matrix. The special characteristic of the stiffness matrix in an architectural space frame is the independence of the angular factors. If the joints are sufficiently rigid, the angular deflections can be neglected, simplifying the calculations. The simplest form of the space frame is a horizontal slab of interlocking square pyramids and tetrahedral built from aluminium or tubular steel struts. In many ways, this looks like the horizontal jib of a tower crane repeated many times to make it wider. A stronger form is composed of interlocking tetrahedral in which all the struts have unit length. More technically this is referred to as an isotropic vector matrix or in a single unit width an octet truss. More complex variations change the lengths of the struts to curve the overall structure or may incorporate other geometrical shapes.
Advantages of Space frame:
- These three-dimensional structures are sturdy. They aid load sharing with maximum precision.
- The steel elements are portable and lightweight. Therefore, their assembly is modular, secure and efficient.
- It is capable of bearing heavy loadings with minimum deflections.
- The cost of transportation is less as compared to conventional steel structures.
- Space frame/ Space structure also allows odd placement of columns, along with integral cladding and glazing. Therefore, modularity is achieved with these structures.
- Efficient, both structurally and functionally
- They allow hassle free erection and and a geometric balance. These boost the aesthetics of the construction and offers flexibility.
- Easily expandable and are built following assembly line approaches with a very minimum amount of seismic resistance.
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